STNG Golf Driver
An independent, self-directed technical design investigation into golf driver aerodynamics.
Why
I wanted to challenge myself with a highly technical product where performance could be tested, measured, and improved through iteration. Design decisions are validated through data outcomes — not preference or aesthetics alone.
Golf Intention
A golf driver presents a challenge because it is a tightly constrained, physics-driven design system where small geometric changes can significantly impact results.
Concept #1:
Fin-like crown structure to control turbulence and guide airflow.
Physics Goals Addressed:
Minimize Kinetic Energy Loss: Reduces drag by controlling airflow separation.
Turbulence Management: Directs air in a stable, narrow wake.
Concept #3:
Curved crown & flat sole to channel airflow cleanly over the top of the club.
Physics Goals Addressed:
Flow Direction: Guides air efficiently along the crown surface.
Research → Sketches
Key Principles
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Reducing drag allows club to accelerate efficiently through swing
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Stabilizes off-center hits for better forgiveness
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Target high launch and low spin for max distance
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Narrow air wake and smooth airflow minimize resistance
Concept #2:
Small pockets on the crown to maintain attached airflow, reduce drag, and control separation just after the face.
Physics Goals Addressed:
Flow Attachment: Keeps airflow attached to the surface, reducing resistance.
Transition Control: Smooths airflow transition from face to crown.
Launch Consistency: Supports predictable ball launch.
I considered both Concept 1 and Concept 2, but ultimately moved forward with Concept 1.
Concept 1 was chosen for CAD modeling because its geometry may support predictable airflow patterns while minimizing the risk of excessive drag, all within USGA regulations.
Potential concerns with concept 2 included possible recirculation zones, dead air pushing airflow away from the clubhead, or premature airflow separation.
CAD
Using SolidWorks surface modeling tools, I replicated Concept 3 while ensuring all physical parameters and USGA legal restrictions were met.
Physical Considerations (Design Parameters):
Roll: 11 in.
Bulge: 10 in.
Loft: 10.5°
Weight Distribution: Optimized for MoI and balance
Groove Shape: must be U-shaped or square-shaped
Legal Considerations (USGA):
Coefficient of Restitution (COR): ≤ 0.83 (ball leaves the face at 83% of the clubhead speed)
Maximum Clubhead Volume: 460 cc
Club Length: Maximum 48 inches
Groove Dimensions: Groove width ≤ 0.035 inches, Groove depth: ≤ 0.020 inches
*Simulation done on SimScale*Aerodynamic Analysis
Goal
Learn how outer alterations to a golf driver can alter airflow patterns, and reveal opportunities to manage drag and understand club aerodynamics.
Simulation Details
Air Speed: 45 m/s
Simulation type: Incompressible CFD, steady-state
* Simulation is strictly linear. Natural curvature of golf swing was not considered*
*Simulation done on SimScale*