STNG Golf Driver

An independent, self-directed technical design investigation into golf driver aerodynamics.

Why

I wanted to challenge myself with a highly technical product where performance could be tested, measured, and improved through iteration. Design decisions are validated through data outcomes — not preference or aesthetics alone.

Golf Intention

A golf driver presents a challenge because it is a tightly constrained, physics-driven design system where small geometric changes can significantly impact results.

Concept #1:

Fin-like crown structure to control turbulence and guide airflow.

Physics Goals Addressed:

  • Minimize Kinetic Energy Loss: Reduces drag by controlling airflow separation.

  • Turbulence Management: Directs air in a stable, narrow wake.

Concept #3:

Curved crown & flat sole to channel airflow cleanly over the top of the club.

Physics Goals Addressed:

  • Flow Direction: Guides air efficiently along the crown surface.

Research → Sketches

Key Principles

    • Reducing drag allows club to accelerate efficiently through swing

    • Stabilizes off-center hits for better forgiveness

    • Target high launch and low spin for max distance

  • Narrow air wake and smooth airflow minimize resistance

Concept #2:

Small pockets on the crown to maintain attached airflow, reduce drag, and control separation just after the face.

Physics Goals Addressed:

  • Flow Attachment: Keeps airflow attached to the surface, reducing resistance.

  • Transition Control: Smooths airflow transition from face to crown.

  • Launch Consistency: Supports predictable ball launch.

I considered both Concept 1 and Concept 2, but ultimately moved forward with Concept 1.


Concept 1 was chosen for CAD modeling because its geometry may support predictable airflow patterns while minimizing the risk of excessive drag, all within USGA regulations.


Potential concerns with concept 2 included possible recirculation zones, dead air pushing airflow away from the clubhead, or premature airflow separation.

CAD

Using SolidWorks surface modeling tools, I replicated Concept 3 while ensuring all physical parameters and USGA legal restrictions were met.

Physical Considerations (Design Parameters):

  • Roll: 11 in.

  • Bulge: 10 in.

  • Loft: 10.5°

  • Weight Distribution: Optimized for MoI and balance

  • Groove Shape: must be U-shaped or square-shaped

Legal Considerations (USGA):

  • Coefficient of Restitution (COR): ≤ 0.83 (ball leaves the face at 83% of the clubhead speed)

  • Maximum Clubhead Volume: 460 cc

  • Club Length: Maximum 48 inches

  • Groove Dimensions: Groove width ≤ 0.035 inches, Groove depth: ≤ 0.020 inches

*Simulation done on SimScale*

Aerodynamic Analysis

Goal

Learn how outer alterations to a golf driver can alter airflow patterns, and reveal opportunities to manage drag and understand club aerodynamics.

Simulation Details

  • Air Speed: 45 m/s

  • Simulation type: Incompressible CFD, steady-state

    * Simulation is strictly linear. Natural curvature of golf swing was not considered*
*Simulation done on SimScale*

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